Explicit and implicit knowledge and learning of an additional language: A research agenda

Abstract This paper puts forward a research agenda in the area of explicit and implicit knowledge learning second or additional languages. Based on brief overview reliable findings as well open questions field, three items are highlighted. First, valid measures and, particular, need to be identified their suitability for participants different ages established. Second, closely related previous point, should investigated across human lifespan. Therefore, studies include greater extent hitherto under-represented groups such children older adults order pinpoint benefits otherwise these age ranges. Third, researchers aim capture with designs complex dynamic interplay multiple cognitive, affective, biographical contextual factors that influence development over time. Concrete tasks future proposed under items, view assisting interested investigators formulating specifying designs.